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Jack Kerouac’s Daughter:  Why the Retro-Beats Don’t Read Her Book

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Perhaps the retro-Beats do read Jan Kerouac’s novel.  Perhaps I haven’t found the right retro-Beat. I asked my nephew, an avid Jack Kerouac fan, “Do you want my copy of Jan Kerouac’s Baby Driver?”  

“I might.”

“Jan is Kerouac’s daughter,” I added. 

“I’m a bit busy writing my thesis on Leonora Carrington.”

“That’s wonderful!”  I gave him the Carrington book. Both the Carrington and the Kerouac are NYRB Classics.

That said, I did admire Carrington’s The Hearing Trumpet, but you’d have to pay me to read Baby Driver.  There are too many dismal aspects to list: juvie, prostitution, drugs, alcohol, Belleville, and a stint as a racetrack hand.

As a member of the NYRB book club, I receive an interesting but quirky mix of books.  That’s because they choose one of their new titles for us every month.  As a result, I have a collection of newly translated Balzacs, which I love (more Balzac, please!), Natalia Ginzberg, another favorite writer; grim Holocaust literature (perhaps not the best choice for depressives); great Italian science fiction, a collection of Turkish short stories, and several magnificent German novels.

 But sometimes I pout.  “Why couldn’t I choose the book myself?” I say poutily.  I consider starting a pouty correspondence, but I don’t.

And then they sent me a copy of Barbara Pym’s The Sweet Dove Died.  I was so excited.

So no more pouting. I love Pym.  Thank you, NYRB Book Club. 

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Spinster Lit:  Barbara Pym, Anita Brookner & Others

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Why Do We Love Spinster Lit? 

 Spinsters, let’s face it, are chic and independent. They have cats, belong to writers’ groups, and play Scrabble. They might not have e-mail. On the other hand, they might be addicted to dating sites. And their Little Free Library stocks only Viragos and Booker Prize winners.

In reality, married women also have cats and play Scrabble, but are frequently annoyed by the chaotic state of their Little Free Library. Why do passers-by dump tatty ancient copies of The Exorcist– sorry, that’s not your kind of book, and you remove it -and once there was a used condom. Very gross. If that happens to spinsters, they don’t mention it. 

Little Free Libraries are often stuffed with romance novels, which are said to account for about one-third of book sales, but I maintain that spinster lit has many followers. For one thing, the spinster novels often include a marriage plot, an unexpected/expected twist that enhances the pleasure of reading.

Barbara Pym is the Queen of Spinster Lit. Her brilliant comic novel, No Fond Return of Love, begins at an indexers’ conference. (Query:  Why is that so hilarious?)   Dulcie Mainwaring, a quiet, whimsical woman who has broken off her engagement to a younger man, hopes to make new friends at the conference.  Viola Dace, a bohemian type, dislikes being among the tweedy, but she has a  crush on handsome Alwyn Forbes, one of the speakers. When Aylwyn faints at the podium, Dulcie, Viola, and other women rush to provide succor, but Dulcie has the smelling salts.

Dulcie and Viola become friends, sort of:  they run into each other in the park, walk past Alywin’s house, which is in the neighborhood, and research his family. They go so far as to spend their Easter holiday at the hotel owned by Alwyn’s mother. Love is in the air, and both are suddenly surrounded by men, but who, if anyone, will get Alwyn? 

In Jean Stafford’s neglected classic, The Catherine Wheel, Katharine Congreve is a tougher, more modern type: the American spinster.  She has never married and believes in “the pleasure principle”  but suddenly faces a sexual crisis.  She has had a long affair with John, who married her cousin, Maeve, and even invited her on their honeymoon.  Every summer her nephew and nieces stay with her while John and Maeve travel.  And now John insists that he wants to divorce Maeve and marry Katharine so she can “save him.”  This is not what Katharine had in mind at all when she embarked on an affair. 

The Booker Prize winner Anita Brookner is the Co-Queen of Spinster Lit. Her heroines remind me of Barbara Pym’s, though she lacks Pym’s humor.  In Brookner’s superb novel, Look at Me, the narrator, Fanny, works in the reference library “of a medical research institute dedicated to the study of problems of human behavior.” (A very Pymish job!) Fanny is also a writer who takes notes every night on the eccentric library staff, including her best friend, an irritable colleague, and the cranky regulars. Writing is her way of saying, “Look at me.” But her life takes a sinister turn when she makes a new friend, who proves to be a dangerous, nasty friend.

On the genre side of spinster lit, I love the spinster detectives in mysteries:  Agatha Christie’s amateur sleuth, Miss Marple; Patricia Wentworth’s Miss Silver ;  Sue Grafton’s Kinsey Millhone, a sexier, younger, modern, American P.I.; and Ann Cleeve’s Vera Stanhope, a lonely, beer-drinking, obsessive detective.  I’m not a great mystery reader, so do tell me some of your favorites.

It is the season to curl up with a cozy book, and all except Jean Stafford’s novel fit that category.  So what’s your favorite spinster lit?  Or your least favorite, for that matter?  And why on earth are we drawn to it?

Indexers in Love:  Barbara Pym’s “No Fond Return of Love”

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Happy New Year of Reading Dead Writers! 

Let us begin with my favorite Barbara Pym novel, No Fond Return of Love.  I adore this book, set on the fringes of the literary professions in London in the late ’50s or early ’60s.  In a pulp paperback edition, the blurb on the cover would say  INDEXERS IN LOVE!, perched above an illustration of two buxom women gawking at a handsome man.

But this is not the real story, of course.  Pym did not write romance novels; she did not even write romantic comedies.  Her quirky comedies are gently satiric. Her heroines wear sensible shoes.

Pym’s wry sense of humor about the nature of love highlights the heroines’ whimsical quotations of poetry.  No one is very young; no one falls desperately in love.  Love is a relationship based on sex, common interests, and often convenience.  In reality, the two indexers, Dulcie Mainwaring and Viola Dace, are not romantic:  they are lonely women who meet at a conference for editors, indexers, and proofreaders.  Dulcie attends to meet new people and recover from her broken engagement to a younger man, Maurice.  Viola, a black-clad bohemian, takes one look at Dulcie’s sensible shoes and knows it was a mistake to attend.

But was it a mistake?  As at all academic conferences, people devote much time to socializing.  And the stunningly handsome, middle-aged editor, Aylwin Forbes, is an object of attraction.  Viola attended purposely to be near him after hearing that his wife left him.  And  Dulcie becomes mildly interested after Alwyn faints at the podium and she sensibly applies smelling salts to revive him. 

Viola and Dulcie run into each other in London and bond over Aylwin. Dulcie is not seriously interested, but she does idle “research “on Alywin at the Public Records office, the  public library, and perhaps the British Museum in her free time.  She and Viola walk in Aylwin’s neighborhood at night, because his house is near Viola’s bed-sit, and when they run into him, all three are embarrassed. But that is not all:  they also attend Alywin’s brother Neville’s church. There is, unfortunately, a substitute clergyman: Neville has gone home to Mother for Easter because, most inconveniently, Miss Spicer has fallen in love with him.  He has problems with women in every parish. The two brothers are too good-looking.

Dulcie’s whimsy and insatiable research are hilarious. She and Viola invite her former fiance, Maurice, her neighbors, and Aylwin to a dinner party, and she and Viola manage to be charming. But Aylwin is interested in neither Dulcie nor Viola. He prefers Dulcie’s 18-year-old niece, Laurel, though he is almost fifty. 

At the end, allusions to Mansfield Park charmingly sum up the not-quite love story.  It ends most satisfactorily, though not quite as one would expect. Pym, in my opinion, mockingly tweaks the marriage plot, though there is usually at least one marriage in her novels, and the couples seems happy enough. Dulcie spends a lot of time making marmalade and doing other domestic tasks. She would welcome love, but does not actively pursue it, despite appearances. Whether there is any fond return of love is not entirely clear

And that’s the inimitable Barbara Pym.

Barbara Pym: The Gentle Art of Indexing

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In Barbara Pym’s charming novel, No Fond Return of Love (1961), the whimsical heroine, Dulcie Mainwaring, attends an indexing conference. Dumped by her fiancé, she needs to meet new people, though the conference may be prosaic.  And she cannot help but mock the the titles of the papers on the program:  one is simply called,  “Some Problems of an Editor.”

Though many conference-goers share Dulcie’s comical views, the black-clad Viola Dace, her next-door neighbor at the dorm,  haughtily sets herself apart: she is here because she “knows one of the lecturers.”  She does not, however, know him well:  she has  a crush on Dr. Aylwin Forbes, whose wife has recently left him.

That evening, Dulcie joins the ranks of Aylwin Forbes admirers.

“Who is that good-looking man?” Dulcie whispered to Viola, as they stood in the ante-room waiting for the final gong to sound for dinner.

“Good-looking man – where?” Viola had been lost in her contemplation of their fellow conference members,  who were not, on the whole, good-looking.  Indeed, she had been wondering what conference could possibly consist of good-looking people, unless it was one of actors or film stars.  But as soon as Dulcie spoke she knew who it must be, and was annoyed and disappointed that she should not have felt his presence in some mysterious way.

Dulcie and Viola become friends, sort of, mainly because of their Aylwin crushes.  And when Viola’s landlady kicks her out, she asks if she can live with Dulcie in her big house in the suburbs.  Dulcie hesitates, because her niece is staying with her, but she is flattered that Viola likes her. And their Aylwin-mania continues:  Viola lounges in a park near Aylwin’s house, Dulcie walks in his neighborhood and spots him on the Underground (he can’t place her), and one night the two women walk past Aylwin’s house, where, embarrassingly, they are seen and have to make an excuse. 

Even funnier, Dulcie does research on Aylwin’s family:  she learns that Aylwin’s brother is a vicar, and visits the church, where a woman is crying because of her crush on the too good-looking vicar.

I chortled throughout this rereading.  In the realm of love, Dulcie practices the gentle art of indexing.  And all turns out surprisingly well for everybody. Pym is just so funny!




Friendship in Literature: Balzac, Cicero, and Barbara Pym

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“You’ve got a friend.” –  Carole King

“You’re lucky if you have one friend.”  – A Relative 


Years ago, when my mother was in the hospital, one of her best friends visited.  Like my mother, she was very old.  Even though it was winter, she wore cropped pants and a short-sleeved shirt.  Both women suffered a certain confusion that may well have been the result of the many, many meds that keep people alive.

It was somebody’s idea before a routine surgery that my mother should have extreme unction.   And so a priest was called in to anoint her with oil, which she fastidiously wiped off with Kleenex as soon as he left the room.  All three of us pretended it had never happened. 

By the end of the visit, her lifetime friend was in tears.  The friend told my mother, “You’re my best friend.”

My mother said nothing.

So the poor friend had to revoke it.  “One of my best friends.”

I wish Mother had at least said, “Thank you,” but later she complained that her friend never came to visit, that nobody ever visited.  I attribute this confusion to the illness, the morphine drip, and the strange surroundings. 

And, like me, she was sometimes too honest. 

Friendship is a complicated contract dependent on a web of love,  fondness, respect, need, and enjoyment.  According to Cicero’s treatise, De Amicitia (On Friendship), you should choose friends who have strong character and are virtuous, not mere networking buddies.  Cicero praises friendship between noble, devoted men who see themselves when they see a real friend. (Not the way I’ve ever seen friends, but…)  He admits it is difficult to form a friendship that lasts till death.  People grow apart; their opinions change; they make other friends.  


Cicero, the great orator, is not a very deep philosopher, but he is occasionally funny and does crack one joke.   A Roman nobleman named Laelius, who is an expert on friendship, makes what passes for a wisecrack as he recalls that his friend Scipio “used to complain that men were more diligent in all other things than in friendship; that they were able to tell the number of goats and sheep  a man had but not how many friends.” 


 Friendship is a complicated business in Balzac’s brilliant novel, Grand Illusions.  When the hero, Lucien Chardon, moves from the provinces to Paris, he gives up poetry for the excitement of bad journalism.  He reviews books he hasn’t read, accepts money for rave reviews of plays, and writes anonymous political articles on demand, adopting different views for different editors. But then he is asked to betray his friend, Daniel d’Arthez, by writing a vicious attack on his great novel.  If he doesn’t, his editor threatens to ruin the career of Lucien’s mistress, an actress. And so Lucien goes to d’Arthez, sobbing, and shows him the article he has written.  The wonderful d’Arthez offers to rewrite the article for him.  


Later, d’Arthez writes a long, kind, but honest letter to Lucien’s sister, who has written a worried letter about gossip she has heard.  Of the vitriolic attack on his book, d’Arthez says, “I made your brother’s crime easier for him by correcting the murderous article myself, and it had my full approval.”

He goes on, 

“You ask me whether Lucien has kept my esteem and friendship.  That question I find it more difficult to answer.  Your brother is well on the way to ruining himself.  At the present moment I am still very sorry, but before long I shall be glad to forget him, not because of what he has done, but what he is bound to do..  Your Lucien is very poetic, but he is not a poet…, Lucien would always sacrifice his best friend for the sake of being witty.”

And now on to something lighter!  The friendships in Barbara Pym’s novel, No Fond Return of Love, are certainly familiar to women and provide light relief.  Two indexers, Dulcie Mainwaring and Viola Dace, meet at an indexers’ conference.  Both have gone to hear Professor Aylwin Forbes, their mutual crush.  (Why else go to an indexers’ conference?)  Though the two women are not exactly friends, Viola ends up moving in with her and they do form a bond.  It is hilarious, one of her best.And, let me add here, we are all grateful for our true friends.

Three Short Books to Read on the Patio


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You say potato, I say patio. I am sipping a giant cappucchino and trying to stay warm on the patio. As the wind blows my hair and pierces my sweatshirt, I rummage through my bag for a light jacket. I would love to sit inside on a faux leather chair, but the coffeehouse is strictly to-go during the plague. Hence, we’re on the patio.

Patio life is, well, different. It demands a larger coffee and the kind of book you can dip in and out of easily. And that means shorter books, including poetry, comedy, and memoirs, of which I’ve recommended one of each.

So here are Three Short Patio Books I’m reading this November. And I’d love to hear your suggestions for patio-able books.

1 Gilgamesh. What is it about the name Gilgamesh that always filled me with boredom? Why did I never want to read the great Sumerian-Babylonian epic (the oldest poem in the world, so they say)?

But when there’s nothing else to read, this hero’s journey epic is surprisingly entertaining. Gilgamesh, the anti-hero king of Mespotamia, fights monsters with his friend Enkidu, and after Enkidu’s death takes a journey to find a man to tell him how to avoid death. I love Stephen Mitchell’s beautiful translation, and the poem itself is BLESSEDLY short. The introduction and notes take up most of the book.

Love it, embrace it, and hasten to the patio!

2 An Academic Question by Barbara Pym. This posthumously published novel, edited by Hazel Holt, is comical and appealing, yet has a different tone from Pym’s other novels. For one thing, there are no vicars. I do kind of miss them. But it is very enjoyable without them.

The narrator, Caro, a faculty wife, does not much like university life. Her husband Alan wants her to get a job, but she shudders at the thought of working in a library, as a singularly unattractive fellow faculty wife used to. Alan objects to her plan to work in a friend’s used bookstore, which he calls a “junk store.” As you see, being a professor’s wife is unremarkable, and she makes no friends among academics: when a student visits, it is not to see Caro but to used the sewing machine.

In the preface, Hazel Holt quotes one of Pym’s letters to Philip Larkin to explain why this book is different. Pym writes, “It was supposed to be a sort of Margaret Drabble effort but of course it hasn’t turned out like that at all.”

Actually, it is a bit Drabbleish,. but we love Pym just the way she is. I’m still reading it…

3 Carly Simon’s Touched by the Sun: My Friendship with Jackie. I love Simon’s music, and she is also a surprisingly lyrical memoirist. She was fascinated by Jackie before she met her, and used to follow her in the news like the rest of us. (My mother never got over Jackie’s marriage to Onassis.)

I am still reading this, but just to show you the power of Simon’s imagery, let me share one of her similes: she says a friendship is like a house. She goes on to explain:

“In the first weeks and months, you become meticulously and even overly familiar with the front hallway, the mirror, ;the hooks, the sneakers and shoes, and the living room, the candles with their black wicks on the mantel.”

And then she writes about the kitchen, bedrooms, and basement. I never thought of friendship in terms of a house, but it is an intriguing analogy.

Double Vision: Vacationing in One’s Hometown

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College_Green_Park_Gazebo

College Green Park in Iowa City

I spent a few days in Iowa City, my hometown.  I did some research at the University of Iowa Library.  And I also took long walks around town.

Nostalgia was laced with Zola-like naturalistic observations as I contemplated the monstrous greed of developers who have destroyed whole blocks of graceful old houses and replaced them with cheap apartment houses.

And that’s why you can’t go home again.  It’s like having double vision:  seeing everything twice through optometrists’ lenses.

At first it was blissful.

Iowa City is pleasantly deserted in May, because the students are gone, and you have the place to yourself . You do not have to stand in line for an American Gothic coffee at Java House. You nip up the hill to College Green Park to sip your coffee and read Barbara Pym’s An Unsuitable Attachment, an eminently suitable vacation novel, peopled by Pym’s diffident, eccentric characters:  Ianthe Broome, a librarian, who  has “an unsuitable attachment” to a  younger man; Sophia, a vicar’s wife, who is obsessed with her cat, Faustina; and Rupert Stonebird, an anthropologist, who can’t decide if he is more  attracted to Penelope,  whom he calls”the pre-Raphaelite beat-nik,”and to Ianthe, who is “more suitable.”

an unsuitable attachment pymIn the days when College Green Park was called College Street Park (why the change?), I often sat on the swings or picnicked on takeout from the Pioneer Food Co-op.  It is the same mellow space it always was, except now it has a new gazebo.

After leaving the Park, I headed over to Washington Street and down the hill to the University of Iowa Library.  This is a real library–with tens of thousands of old books.   I found a table by the window in the eerily dark literature and language stacks, and arranged my crisp new notebook, British Library pen, and backup hotel pen. And so began the reading and note-taking.

mail and female sarah lindheim ovidSo many books, some great, some terrible.  I quickly flashed back to grad school  techniques and recalled the unscholarly habit of judging books by the  title.  Yes, why not?  One needs a whimsical sorting system among so many unpromising dull books.   Not surprisingly, Sarah Lindheim’s Mail and Female: Epistolary Narrative and Desire in Ovid’s Heroides, is clever and amusing:  the title even  echoes You’ve Got Mail, the Nora Ephron movie.  Lindheim is such a smart, amusing writer that I can’t help but think the allusion was deliberate.  And the book is a fascinating analysis of Ovid’s Heroides, a collection of elegiac epistles written from mythological heroines to their lovers and husbands.  On the other hand, I struck out with A Web of Fantasies: Gaze, Image, and Gender in Ovid’s Metamorphoses, by Patricia B. Slazman-Mitchell.  It’s best to avoid books with “gender” in the title, I decided.

HickoryHillParkVI

Hickory Hill Park

After a morning at the library, I did a lot of walking.  I do recommend visiting Hickory Hill Park, 190 acres of woods, meadows, creek, etc.  I used to know  the park well, but they have bought more land,  built more trails, and have deliberately revamped others so you go nowhere near the gap in the fence that led into Oakland Cemetery and was a shortcut home.  The large open meadow is now confusingly planted with trees, while  another open meadow (which I mistook for the old one) still has that Andrew Wyeth look that makes you want to plop down in the sun. (I got sunburn.)   A deer and I came face to face when I stumbled on a remote muddy trail, which perhaps was not even a human trail.   Yes, I did get lost, but eventually found an exit that led  to Dodge Street.  Wow, I need to start a  five-miles-a-day walking regimen, because I could feel this in my legs!  My husband looked it up and said it was eight miles as the crow flies.

Iowa City is home of the Iowa Writers’ Workshop, and in 2008 was named a UNESCO City of Books. We were always vaguely proud of the Workshop, where Flannery O’Connor, Philip Roth, Kurt Vonnegut, Gail Godwin, John Cheever, Frank Conroy, Marvin Bell, Marilynne Robinson, T. C. Boyle, Karen E. Bender,  Margot Livesey, and many other brilliant writers have studied or taught.

The Iowa Writers’ Workshop, however, is NOT a haven for Iowa writers.  The only Workshop alumna I can think of from Iowa is Elizabeth Evans.  No, these geniuses come from New York, California, occasionally Grosse Point, Michigan. The name “Iowa Writers’ Workshop” is an oxymoron.  I’m not suggesting a name change–I’m all for tradition!–but there is a certain irony.

Iowa City has always been bookish, but nowadays has trouble supporting bookstores, despite the UNESCO status.  Prairie Lights, a two-story bookstore established in the late ’70s,  is still magnificent,  and has a stunning selection of new books and a good selection of classics, but the number of books seems slightly smaller than it used to be.  Prairie Lights also sponsors readings,  though  fewer big names come through on tour these days.  Mostly the readings are by Workshop writers now.

There are only a couple of other bookstores left in Iowa City.  Around the block from Prairie Lights is Iowa Book, which used to be called Iowa Book and Supply (or Iowa Book and Crook).  To say I was shocked that the store now has only a few shelves of remainders is an understatement. It always made most its money from t-shirts and sweatshirts, but now that is the entire business.

As for used bookstores,  I am not a fan of The Haunted Bookshop, where a cat once attacked me.  The bookstore clerks apologized, but as  a longtime “cat mom” in a multi-cat household,  I assure you this is unusual cat behavior.  And, honestly, the condition of the books at The Haunted Bookshop is often barely “acceptable.”  I miss Martha the cat at Murphy-Brookfield, a truly great bookstore that, alas, folded a few years ago. The Haunted Bookshop is now located in the old Murphy-Brookfield building.

There are many restaurants in Iowa City.  The pedestrian downtown lost its department stores  years ago and is now a center of restaurants and bars.   The best food I found?  The vegetarian sandwich at the University Library’s cafe.  Honestly, I lived on those.  But you won’t go hungry.

CAVEAT:  Iowa City is larger than it used to be, and if you are a woman alone, do be careful. It’s hard to take Iowa City seriously as a city because it seems so quaint, but things change, and I was too casual in the evening.  Iowa City has a homeless problem, or so I’d read in The Press Citizen, without taking it seriously.  I scoffed, until I went to CVS at the Old Capitol Mall around 5 p.m., and had to thread my way through crowds of homeless men  out of Dickens’s Oliver Twist. No, it wasn’t Little Dorrit or  the Father of the Marshalsea.  And I’m not anti-homeless, but they’re destitute and often off their meds.  I am talking about safety.  I also had not considered the risks of studying at the library at night.  During the day, there are people working upstairs, but at night the stacks were deserted.  I skedaddled out of there.

PAY ATTENTION TO YOUR SURROUNDINGS.  IF YOU FEEL UNCOMFORTABLE , LEAVE.

Yup, I couldn’t face it that Iowa City is a real city now.

Overall, a lovely trip, and it can be fun to visit your hometown.  Just don’t stay too long!